Eliot's Angels - by Bernadette Waterman Ward (Hardcover)

About the Book

"In this innovative study, Bernadette Waterman Ward offers an original rereading of George Eliot's work through the lens of Renâe Girard's theories of mimetic desire, violence, and the sacred. It is a fruitful mapping of a twentieth-century theorist onto a nineteenth-century novelist, revealing Eliot's understanding of imitative desire, rivalry, idol-making, and sacrificial victimization as critical elements of the social mechanism. While the unresolved tensions between Eliot's realism and her desire to believe in gradual social amelioration have often been studied, Ward is especially adept at articulating the details of such conflict in Eliot's early novels. In particular, Ward emphasized the clash between the ruthless mechanisms of mimetic desire and the idea of progress, or, as Eliot states, 'growing good;' Eliot's Christian sympathy for sacrificial victims against her general rejection of Christianity; and her resort to 'Nemesis' to evade the systemic injustice of the social sphere. The 'angels' in the title are characters who appear to offer a humanist way forward in the absence of religious belief. They are represented, in Girardian terms, as figures who try to rise above the snares of the mimetic machine to imitate Christ's self-sacrifice but are finally rendered ineffectual. Very few studies have tackled Eliot's short fiction and narrative poetry. Eliot's angels gives the short fiction its due."--

Book Synopsis

René Girard's mimetic theory opens up ways to make sense of the tension between the progressive politics of George Eliot and the conservative moralism of her narratives.

In this innovative study, Bernadette Waterman Ward offers an original rereading of George Eliot's work through the lens of René Girard's theories of mimetic desire, violence, and the sacred. It is a fruitful mapping of a twentieth-century theorist onto a nineteenth-century novelist, revealing Eliot's understanding of imitative desire, rivalry, idol-making, and sacrificial victimization as critical elements of the social mechanism. While the unresolved tensions between Eliot's realism and her desire to believe in gradual social amelioration have often been studied, Ward is especially adept at articulating the details of such conflict in Eliot's early novels. In particular, Ward emphasizes the clash between the ruthless mechanisms of mimetic desire and the idea of progress, or, as Eliot stated, "growing good"; Eliot's Christian sympathy for sacrificial victims against her general rejection of Christianity; and her resort to "Nemesis" to evade the systemic injustice of the social sphere. The "angels" in the title are characters who appear to offer a humanist way forward in the absence of religious belief. They are represented, in Girardian terms, as figures who try to rise above the snares of the mimetic machine to imitate Christ's self-sacrifice but are finally rendered ineffectual. Very few studies have tackled Eliot's short fiction and narrative poetry. Eliot's Angels gives the short fiction its due, and it will appeal to scholars of mimetic and literary theory, Victorianists, and students of the novel.

Review Quotes

"Ward's angel thesis is compelling and seems indispensable for identifying the moral center and moral tension in nearly all of Eliot's fiction." -Cov&r: Colloquium on Violence & Religion

"Bernadette Waterman Ward confirms the promise of René Girard's Deceit, Desire, and the Novel, that what came to be called mimetic theory had real explanatory power well beyond the authors Girard himself discussed." --William A. Johnsen, author of Violence and Modernism

About the Author

Bernadette Waterman Ward is associate professor of English at the University of Dallas. She is the author of World as Word: Philosophical Theology in Gerard Manley Hopkins.