The Best Effect - by Ryan Darr (Paperback)

About the Book

"For over two centuries, consequentialism has been among the most influential approaches to ethics and public policy in the Anglophone world. It is often seen as the paradigmatic rational and secular ethic. In The Best Effect, Ryan Darr reveals that a consequentialist approach to ethics is not, as is often assumed, self-evidently rational once religious morality is stripped away. Rather, consequentialist morality itself had to be invented. In this new account of the origins of consequentialism, Darr traces the development of this new consequentialist morality, revealing its decidedly theological history. The Best Effect portrays the emergence in the mid-seventeenth century of the consequentialist moral cosmology, a richly theological vision of a world created by a consequentialist Creator, through to its eventual breakdown in the early eighteenth century in the face of a new version of the theological problem of evil. The book concludes with an intervention in contemporary debates about consequentialism in both religious ethics and moral philosophy, arguing for an alternative approach to teleological ethics"--

Book Synopsis

A theological history of consequentialism and a fresh agenda for teleological ethics.

Consequentialism--the notion that we can judge an action by its effects alone--has been among the most influential approaches to ethics and public policy in the Anglophone world for more than two centuries. In The Best Effect, Ryan Darr argues that consequentialist ethics is not as secular or as rational as it is often assumed to be. Instead, Darr describes the emergence of consequentialism in the seventeenth century as a theological and cosmological vision and traces its intellectual development and eventual secularization across several centuries. The Best Effect reveals how contemporary consequentialism continues to bear traces of its history and proposes in its place a more expansive vision for teleological ethics.

Review Quotes

"A compelling genealogy of consequentialism that emphasizes not only its concern for acting well within a coherent moral cosmology, but also that throughout its early history, consequentialism was driven by explicitly theological concerns."-- "Reading Religion"

"In tracing the genealogy of consequentialist morals, Darr's book offers a new critique of consequentialism. Consequentialist reasoning isn't a natural, default way of doing ethics, a mode of moral reasoning in which we are free to engage as soon as we are liberated from the strictures of religion. Rather, it was invented, and invented for culturally contingent reasons. . . . Darr provides a detailed account of how consequentialist thinking evolved over the course of generations. These developments are fascinating, and I would recommend that anyone interested in them read the book."-- "First Things"

"Consequentialism is a dominant ethical framework among contemporary ethicists, economists, legal theorists, and policy makers, particularly in secular circles. Darr's careful and convincing study reveals that key components of the consequentialist framework arose from theological debates in the early modern period--debates about what an omnipotent and perfectly good being would or should do."--Andrew Chignell, Princeton University

"Darr argues that contemporary secular consequentialism emerges out of the attempts of early modern moralists to make sense of God's creative freedom, the existence of evil, and origins of human morality. This is a strikingly original thesis, defended by a close reading of the British moralists, informed by a keen sense of the philosophical and theological issues at stake. This book challenges our most fundamental assumptions about the history of moral thought and the reasonableness of the 'greatest good' as a moral standard."--Jean Porter, University of Notre Dame

"Theologians and philosophers alike need more books like Darr's rich account of the religious origins of consequentialist ideas. He brings to life texts most of us have forgotten but to which we owe more than we know. Darr argues that what we now consider a commonsense secular tradition had its origin in theological arguments about divine goodness. The clarity and originality of the story he tells offer a model of historical theology that I hope many will emulate."--Jesse Couenhoven, Villanova University

About the Author

Ryan Darr is a postdoctoral research associate in religion, ecology, and expressive culture at the Yale University Institute of Sacred Music and a lecturer in the Yale Divinity School.