Italian Fascists on Trial, 1943-1948 - by Roy Palmer Domenico (Paperback)

Book Synopsis

Roy Domenico describes and evaluates the controversial efforts in Italy to punish Fascists after the overthrow of Mussolini in 1943 and the more violent efforts to do so after the liberation of German-occupied northern Italy in 1945. He focuses on the trials and bureaucratic purges of Fascists and illuminates the political struggles between those who favored the sanctions and those who opposed them.

According to Domenico, sanctions against Fascists were complicated by a widespread inability to define and place blame. Those most likely to be tried, he argues, were symbolic or strategic figures who were prominent in the dictatorship or were otherwise closely identified in the public's mind with the regime and whose prosecution would make a dramatic impression. The scope of sanctions was restricted further by focusing on those who served Mussolini's collaborationist Salo regime and away from the Fascists of the 1922-43 dictatorship.

The British and Americans were ambivalent about prosecuting the Fascists in part, says Domenico, because they did not look upon Italian fascism as nearly as objectionable as German nazism. In theory, they wanted the most notorious Fascists to be investigated and punished, but in practice, they did not want to create bureaucratic chaos in what was left of the weak Italian state or to strengthen the far Left. Further, the outbreak of the civil war in liberated Greece in the winter of 1944-45 alarmed many, who feared that civil war might erupt in northern Italy as well.

Domenico concludes that although Italy dismantled a dictatorship and became a democratic republic in the space of three years, the Italian experience nevertheless illustrates the resilience of the old order and its tenacity in maintaining influence.

Originally published in 1991.

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Review Quotes

"An excellent study of its kind and one that was long overdue."--"Journal of Modern History"

"Roy Domenico's carefully researched study of the efforts to punish Italy's Fascists in 1943-48 makes a signal contribution to our better understanding of some of the difficult problems faced by Italy during the period of postwar reconstruction."--Charles F. Delzell, Vanderbilt University

"The trials and punishments of Italian fascists from 1943 to 1945 were complicated because liberation as still ongoing. Domenico superbly relates the complexities of defining fascism and fascists (i.e., of deciding whom to punish) to the view of political parties and the increasingly violent resistance to fascism."--"Choice"