Sick Souls, Healthy Minds - by John Kaag

About the Book

"In his diaries, the American philosopher and psychologist William James, for whom the personal and the philosophical were never far apart, recounted how in his late twenties he was confronted with existential despair regarding the issue of free will: do humans have the capacity to act freely and meaningfully? James famously decided that his "first act of free will is to believe in free will," and declared that, "if you can change your mind, you can change your life." This belief in the efficacy of ideas on our practical beliefs and actions would lead to James becoming one of the founders of the first truly distinctively American philosophy, Pragmatism. In this book philosopher John Kaag offers an account of the life, thought, and relevance of James's philosophy for today. He argues that his brand of pragmatism was first and foremost a philosophy geared towards saving a life; namely, James's own, but with important resources and lessons for saving ours as well. James believed that philosophy was meant to articulate, and help answer, a single existential question, one which lent itself to the title of one of his most famous essays: "Is life worth living?" Through examination of an array of existentially loaded topics covered in his works-truth, God, evil, suffering, death, and the meaning of life-James concluded that it is up to us to make life worth living. He said that our beliefs, the truths that guide our lives, matter-their value and veracity turn on the way they play out practically for ourselves and our communities. For James, philosophy was about making life meaningful, and for some of us, liveable. This is the core of his "pragmatic maxim," that truth should be judged on the bases of its practical consequences. Kaag shows how James put this maxim into use in his philosophy and his life and how we can do so in our own. In his perhaps most famous and enduring work, The Varieties of Religious Experience, James devoted two chapters to exploring what he saw as two distinct types of personality, "the sick-souled" and "the healthy-minded." James himself, as Kaag shows, tended more toward the sick-souled side of the spectrum. But both types fascinated James and he thought both provided important sources for understanding not just religious experience, but for how we can think about our own orientation to the world and perhaps reorient ourselves in the process"--

Book Synopsis

From the celebrated author of American Philosophy: A Love Story and Hiking with Nietzsche, a compelling introduction to the life-affirming philosophy of William James

In 1895, William James, the father of American philosophy, delivered a lecture entitled "Is Life Worth Living?" It was no theoretical question for James, who had contemplated suicide during an existential crisis as a young man a quarter century earlier. Indeed, as John Kaag writes, "James's entire philosophy, from beginning to end, was geared to save a life, his life"--and that's why it just might be able to save yours, too. Sick Souls, Healthy Minds is a compelling introduction to James's life and thought that shows why the founder of pragmatism and empirical psychology--and an inspiration for Alcoholics Anonymous--can still speak so directly and profoundly to anyone struggling to make a life worth living.

Kaag tells how James's experiences as one of what he called the "sick-souled," those who think that life might be meaningless, drove him to articulate an ideal of "healthy-mindedness"--an attitude toward life that is open, active, and hopeful, but also realistic about its risks. In fact, all of James's pragmatism, resting on the idea that truth should be judged by its practical consequences for our lives, is a response to, and possible antidote for, crises of meaning that threaten to undo many of us at one time or another. Along the way, Kaag also movingly describes how his own life has been endlessly enriched by James.

Eloquent, inspiring, and filled with insight, Sick Souls, Healthy Minds may be the smartest and most important self-help book you'll ever read.

Review Quotes

"[William] James would have liked this book. [John] Kaag ties James's ideas directly to the challenges and puzzles of his own life -- and his readers' lives. . . . James's ideas have rippled through the past century more powerfully than those of any other American thinker. Kaag's little book reminds us why."---James T. Kloppenberg, Washington Post

"Finalist for the PROSE Award in Philosophy, Association of American Publishers"

"One of Next Big Idea Club's Most Anticipated Nonfiction Books of Spring"

"This short book is an excellent introduction to William James and his philosophy."---John Banville, Literary Review

About the Author

John Kaag is the author of American Philosophy: A Love Story, which was named a New York Times Editors' Choice and an NPR Best Book of the year, and Hiking with Nietzsche: On Becoming Who You Are, which was also an NPR Best Book of the year. His writing has appeared in the New York Times, Harper's Magazine, and many other publications. He is professor of philosophy at the University of Massachusetts, Lowell, and lives in Carlisle, Massachusetts. Twitter @JohnKaag