Formulations typically combine exfoliating/keratolytic actives (for example, salicylic acid or urea) with moisturizing emollients and occlusives such as petrolatum, shea butter, plant oils and squalane to both soften and protect the skin.

Product strengths vary by ingredient: for example, salicylic acid is commonly used around 5%, while urea is found in formulations from about 10% up to higher, professional-strength concentrations (around 25% in some products).

Treatments come in several formats, including creams and ointments, balm/stick formats for on-the-go use, small tubes or travel sizes, and single-use hydrating foot masks.

Tube or squeeze formats and balm sticks tend to be less messy than open jars or thick tubs, making them easier to apply cleanly.

Beyond basic hydration, cracked-heel treatments may provide exfoliation and softening of hard skin, barrier protection to support healing, and multi-use relief for chapped or irritated feet.