They typically form a protective barrier that seals out wetness, soothes and protects chafed skin, and help treat and prevent diaper rash.
At least one product is clinically shown to protect a baby’s skin for up to 12 hours; other products advertise overnight protection.
Product details list zinc oxide (commonly 40% in some creams), petrolatum (noted at 41% and 53.4% in different items), lanolin, and vitamins A and D across various products.
Labels vary: several list “Newborn and Up,” some list “All Ages,” and one lists “0–3 Years.”