Montesquieu's Comparative Politics and the Spirit of American Constitutionalism - by Anne M Cohler (Paperback)

About the Book

In this volume Anne M. Cohler shows the importance of Montesquieu's teaching for modern legislation and for modern political prudence generally, with specific reference to his impact on The Federalist and Tocqueville. In so doing, she delineates Montesquieu's contribution to political philosophy and suggests new ways to think about the formation of the American Constitution.

Book Synopsis

"American republicans," notes Forrest McDonald, "regarded selected doctrines of Montesquieu's as being virtually on par with Holy Writ." But exactly how the French jurist's labyrinthian work, The Spirit of the Laws, with was published in 1748, influenced the eighteenth-century conception of the republic is not well understood by historians or theorists. Anne M. Cohler undertakes to show the importance of Montequieu's teaching for modern legislation and for modern political prudence generally, with specific reference to his impact on The Federalist and Tocqueville. In so doing, she delineates Montequieu's contribution to political philosophy and suggests new ways to think about the formation of the American Constitution.

To analyze the comparative politics found in the Spirit of the Laws, Cohler focuses on four fundamental principles underlying Montesquieu's view of government: spirit, moderation, liberty, and legislation. In this endeavor she is guided by the conviction that the philosopher hews to the spirit of the laws rather than to the laws themselves--that is, to internal rather than external principles. Montesquieu, in Cohler's argument, addresses the problem posed by the tendency to see human beings in light of universal abstractions at the expense of particular relationships, distinctions, and forms. To counter this tendency, which can be fostered by religion, Montesquieu develops a theory of prudence designed to support the world of politics and political life, necessarily an intermediate world occupying a space between universal abstractions and individual particularities.

Cohler suggest that the Federalists and Tocqueville were most influenced by this preoccupation with spirit and moderation. James Madison and other Federalists, for example, were not drawn to limited government as a principled notion but rather as a consequence of understanding the context within which a moderate government must act not to become despotic. Similarly, Tocqueville extols democracy as self-government as an antidote to the dangers of democracy as a rule; the character of the governed shapes the nature of the governors. These and other conclusions will prove valuable to intellectual historians, political theorists, and students of religion.

Review Quotes

"A thoughtful addition to the scholarship."--Choice

"By calling our attention to the high emphasis both Montesquieu and the Founders placed upon moderation as the basis for a free government, she has helped to explain Montesquieu's wide appeal and thereby succeeded in her aspiration to cast yet 'another light upon the thought behind the shape of the Constitution.'"--Reviews in American History

"This is an excellent book. While it is a must for students of Montesquieu and Western political theory, it also makes an important contribution to the study of the American Constitution and of The Federalist."--Presidential Studies Quarterly

"This book adds new dimensions to our understanding of Montesquieu. Cohler goes much further than most interpreters in spelling out the relation between Montesquieu and the Framers, and her chapter on Tocqueville is remarkably strong and revealing."--Wilson Carey McWilliams, author of The Idea of Fraternity in America