Common materials include stainless steel, carbide, ABS/plastic, and foam/plastic constructions used for cushioned or salon-style boards.

Many files recommend simple cleaning such as spot-wiping or rinsing. For metal foot files: rinse with warm water after use and wipe dry. For emery or board-style files: brush under running water and allow to air-dry.

Electric models vary: some provide multiple speed settings and bidirectional rotation (examples show up to 5 speed settings and bidirectional control), with stated top speeds (examples up to 5,000 RPM) and explicit motor torque figures; others use a simpler dual-speed system. Many electric files are cordless and rechargeable.

Many listings are labeled "Trial/Mini/Travel Size." Some electronic models are cordless and rechargeable; a few items are described as compact or wallet-friendly. A small number of product pages also include exact product dimensions in the detailed specs.