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Common bases include milk-based ingredients (for example, cow’s milk and sometimes goat milk) and formulas built from hydrolyzed proteins. Labels will typically identify which base is used so caregivers can choose based on tolerance or dietary needs.

Infant formulas are typically sold as powdered mixes that you reconstitute with water or as ready-to-feed (ready-to-drink) liquid formulas that require no mixing.

Formulas aimed at digestive issues include hypoallergenic or hydrolyzed-protein formulas, lactose-free or reduced-lactose options, and products specifically labeled for colic, gas, fussiness, or cow’s milk protein allergy.

Ingredients commonly listed for immune and neurodevelopmental support include human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) such as 2'-FL, prebiotic blends like GOS and FOS, long-chain fatty acids DHA and ARA, and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM).

Preparing powdered formula usually involves adding the powder to water and shaking or stirring until dissolved. Some powders can clump or dissolve slowly, which may require extra shaking, stirring, or a mixing tool. Ready-to-feed formulas require no mixing.

Most products are labeled for the infant stage, and several explicitly state they provide complete nutrition for birth through 12 months (the first 12 months).