Makeup puffs and blenders are made from a range of materials including foam or microfiber, polyurethane foam, velvet, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blended with spandex, silicone (jelly) and sometimes rigid parts like birch or aluminum on certain applicators.
Using a dry sponge typically gives fuller, heavier coverage, while dampening the sponge yields sheerer, more dewy coverage. Dampening reduces product absorption and produces a lighter, more blended finish.
Puffs and blenders are described as suitable for liquid and cream formulas as well as loose or pressed powders. Some dual-texture puffs have one side optimized for powder and the other for liquid or cream products.
Pointed tips and tapered ends allow more precise blending in small or contoured areas—such as around the nose, under the eyes, and along creases—making it easier to apply and blend concealer and detail work.
Non-absorbent silicone or jelly blenders absorb less product and are easy to clean, offering precise application—small tips for concealing and fine areas, larger tips for contouring and blending. They work well with creams and liquids but some notes indicate they may not be intended for all foundation applications.
Guidance varies: one product explicitly recommends replacing a frequently used sponge every 30 days. Reviews and product details also note that some sponges remain usable for several months with regular washing; overall replacement depends on wear, hygiene and frequency of use.